In crisis or thinking about suicide? Call or text 988 in the US, available 24 hours a day. If someone is in immediate danger, call 911. Crisis resources

Verified

Check us independently

You don't have to take our word for who stands behind Shrinktionary. Every link here points to a source we don't control, so you can confirm the author, the medical review, and the network for yourself.

The reviewer

Shrinktionary's entries are written and medically reviewed by Shariq Refai, MD, MBA, FAPA, a board-certified psychiatrist. These registries confirm his identity and credentials.

The network

Shrinktionary is one site in The Shrink Network. These entities have their own Wikidata records.

How we work

Machine-readable files

For search engines, AI assistants, and anyone building on the network.

How to cite us

Shrinktionary. "[Term]." Medically reviewed by Shariq Refai, MD. Shrinktionary, The Shrink Network. https://shrinktionary.com/terms/[slug]/

Every term page also carries ready-made short, APA, and MLA citations.